Unit 2 - People
Linking Words
Connect ideas clearly using a range of conjunctions and discourse markers.
1. Why Linking Words Matter
B1 example: He woke up, took a shower, and left for work.
Linking words replace simple commas with explicit relationships: He woke up, and then he left for work.
2. Categories and Examples
| Purpose | Linking Words | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | and, furthermore, moreover, besides | Moreover, the data supports our idea. |
| Contrast | but, however, yet, whereas, although | Although it rained, we enjoyed the trip. |
| Cause & effect | because, so, therefore, thus, as a result | The report was late, so we apologised. |
| Sequence | first, next, then, afterwards, meanwhile | Meanwhile, the team was collecting feedback. |
| Exemplifying | for example, such as, for instance | For instance, she improved the draft. |
| Emphasis | indeed, in fact, particularly, especially | The meeting was particularly productive. |
3. Punctuation Tips
- Use commas after introductory linking words: However, we disagreed.
- Avoid fragments: linking words connect full clauses or sentences.
- In formal writing, vary between simple conjunctions (and) and complex markers (moreover).
Avoid overuse
Too many linking words can sound mechanical. Choose the most meaningful one for each relationship.
4. Practice
- Take a paragraph you wrote at B1 level and add appropriate linking words.
- Write a short opinion text using at least five different categories from the table.
- Record yourself speaking and check whether you rely on one or two markers only.
Quick Review
- Linking words clarify how ideas relate.
- Mix basic and advanced connectors to sound natural.
- Use punctuation to keep sentences clear and accurate.